Afghanistan, 'Abd al-Rahman Khan (1880–1901)

The British finally withdrew from Kandahar in April 1881. In 1880 'Abd al-Rahman Khan, a cousin of Shir 'Ali, had returned from exile in Central Asia and proclaimed himself emir of Kabul. During the reign of 'Abd al-Rahman, the boundaries of modern Afghanistan were drawn by the British and the Russians. The Durand Line of 1893 divided zones of responsibility for the maintenance of law and order